Theodore Robinson (July 3, 1852 - April 2, 1896) was an American painter best known for his impressionist landscapes. He was one of the first American artists to take up impressionism in the late 1880s, visiting Giverny and developing a close friendship with Claude Monet. Several of his works are considered masterpieces of American Impressionism.

Robinson was born in Irasburg, Vermont. His family moved to Wisconsin, and Robinson briefly studied art in Chicago. In 1874 he journeyed to New York City to attended classes at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students League. In 1876 he traveled to Paris to study under Carolus-Duran and, at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, with Jean-Leon Gerome. He exhibited his first paintings in Paris in 1877, and spent the summer of that year at Grez-sur-Loing.